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In our country, I'm afraid that no one agrees that synthetic fabrics are superior to natural fabrics. But in the developed world, the opposite is true: most consumers believe that synthetic fabrics are superior in comfort, functionality, and high sensibility. Comfort: from emulation to super synthetic fiber has three advantages in the early stages of development:
One is sturdy and durable;
The second is easy to handle, have anti-wrinkle and avoid hot feature;
Third, it is possible to make large-scale industrial production, unlike natural fibre, which takes up land, takes time and energy, and produces a limited amount of production. But these traditional advantages of chemical fibre are no longer "beautiful".
One is that people are now dressed in comfort and in vogue, and as the concept of consumption changes, the strong and durable of synthetic fibers becomes useless.
Secondly, as the development of textile technology, the natural fibers can be arranged in a way that can be easily managed.
Third, people have realized that the chemical fibre industry, which relies on oil resources, will face a "kill" one day. When the traditional advantage is no longer, the moisture absorption difference, the comfort difference, the feeling of feeling and so on are highlighted.
Therefore, from the comfort of natural fiber, the natural fiber is the "blueprint", the synthetic fiber is simulated and modified, and becomes the driving force for the progress of chemical fiber technology. The most typical example is the progress of polyester fake silk technology. At first, the technicians imitate the triangulation of the silk and the cilium of the silk to make the polyester yarns, and the woven fabrics are not like real silk because of the auroras.
Then, through the use of flatting agent, and invented the "alkali deweighting method" surface processing of polyester yarn, polyester silk imitation silk from appearance and very similar to pure silk. Then, by adopting a superfine fiber technology, science and technology personnel and make polyester emulation silk fabric handle and pure silk is consistent, and by using plasma technology and laser technology, the polyester fabric in friction can also send out "chirp" silk like silk. At this point, the technique of polyester imitated silk has evolved over several generations and finally reached the perfect degree. But science and technology personnel did not meet, polyester development from simulation to super true emulation silk technology, through the formation of the fiber surface groove, the chemical fiber hygroscopicity is better than natural fibers; By adopting the method of copolymerization, the moisture absorption of polyester fiber itself has been increased hundreds of times, even more than natural fibers such as cotton and silk.
So, the look and feel is exactly like the real silk, but the comfort, the easy to reason and the dyeing are all over the fabric of the real silk. In Japan, the kimono, made of ultra-artificial synthetic fibre, costs far more than the real silk kimono. Functional: the new advantages of chemical fiber are found in the long course of development, but there are only a few or a dozen natural fibers that are found and truly utilized. And when humans entered the chemical fibre age, in a short span of a hundred years, there were hundreds of new varieties of synthetic fiber. Chemical fiber, as a synthetic polymer, can be designed to be functional during production. For example, adding antimicrobial agents to make them antibacterial. Add mineral micropowder to make it low-radiation or far-infrared radiation. This is easier, more economical, and more effective than transforming natural fibres.
In addition to in the design and production can be more convenient to bring new features, chemical fiber characteristics constitute the characteristics of high polymer chemical fiber itself and also an element of functionality. Acrylic macromolecular structure is very stable, for example, have the ability of resistance to ultraviolet radiation, add acrylic used cationic dyeing, color not only bright, but also fast high fastness, so people use acrylic fabric as a sunshade products, give full play to the functionality and practicality. Also, the wear resistance of nylon make it widely used in sportswear, para aramid fiber strength to make it for landing, chlorofibre and different high temperature resistant properties of aramid matchups that they are widely used as flame retardant products. High sensibility: the individuation direction of chemical fiber is basically, natural fiber is the product of natural selection of natural natural resources, so it has the property of comprehensive and comprehensive. If from all aspects of a fiber to comprehensive evaluation, is not a natural fiber, chemical fiber can match but from local index assessment, many varieties of chemical fibre performance is more than the natural fiber.
As people's living standards have improved, the demand for textile consumption has changed. The industry often says that comfort is a combination of a set of specific technical indicators. Such as touch, including the softness of textile, suspension, press contact, thermal contact, cold contact, etc. With the development of the textile materials science, the technical index of the fibers are required more and more careful, such as related to the intensity of the fibers are elastic modulus, elastic deformation, elastic deformation, tensile strength, shear strength, tensile strength and a series of technical indicators. Study found that if change the chemical fiber, degree of polymerization, orientation degree and molecular weight of the chemical fiber length, cross section shape and the size, you can change the physical and chemical properties of fiber, so the so-called differentiation of chemical fiber can stand out, become the development direction of chemical fiber.
Clearing installation character in Japan for the change of the textile consumption market, called differential fibre of high perceptual fiber and in fact is to produce a series of design, the local has prominent advantages of chemical fiber, again through the modern textile processing technology, the performance of different chemical complement each other, producing a variety of comprehensive performance than natural fiber textiles. The development of Japanese chemical fiber industry has been recognized by consumers around the world, so the differential rate of Japanese chemical fiber products has been above 40%.
The classification of synthetic fabrics
Chemical fibre is a fibre made from natural or artificial high polymer materials. One, the chemical fiber can be divided according to the source of raw material, cent is the regeneration fiber and the synthetic fiber etc.
(a) the production of renewable fiber regeneration is inspired by the silkworm silk, cellulose and protein natural high molecular compound as a raw material, such as chemical processing made of polymer solution, then through spinning and aftertreatment of textile fibers. Recycled fiber mesh fabric with reclaimed fiber mesh fabric
S 1. The regenerated cellulose fiber Using natural cellulose as raw material of regenerated fiber, because of its chemical composition and natural cellulose and physical structure has changed, and the same so called regenerated cellulose fiber. The viscose fiber is made from natural cotton lint and wood, which has several outstanding advantages.
(1) the hand feels soft and shiny, and the viscose fibers are as soft as cotton fibers and silky as smooth.
(2) the hygroscopicity, permeability is good, the same basic chemical composition of viscose fiber and cotton fiber, as a result, some of its performance and cotton fiber, the difference is its hygroscopicity and air permeability is better than cotton fiber, it is all in the chemical fiber moisture absorption and permeability is one of the best. (3) the dyeing performance is good, because of the viscose fiber moisture absorption is stronger, so is easier than cotton viscose fiber coloring, color pure and gorgeous, chromatography is the most complete. The biggest drawback of viscose fiber is that the wet fastness is poor, the elasticity is poor, the fabric is easily wrinkled and not easy to recover. Acid resistant and alkaline is inferior to cotton fiber.
It is commonly known as tiger kapok and strong artificial cotton. It's a modified viscose fiber. Strong fiber is compared with common viscose fiber (that is, man-made cotton, artificial wool, rayon), there are several main characteristics:
(1) strong strength, that is to say, fiber fabric is stronger than viscose fabric.
(2) the shrinkage ratio is small, and the shrinkage ratio of strong and strong fiber is 1 times smaller than the viscose fiber. Strong and strong fibre strong fiber is good, use strong and strong fiber to make the clothes that make is compared board whole, the wrinkle resistance is better than viscose. (4) good alkali resistance, with rich and strong alkali resistance of fiber is better than viscose fiber, so rich and strong fabric in the choice of soap and detergent in the washing is not as strict as viscose fiber.
(2) synthetic fibres
Synthetic fibres are made from synthetic polymers, which are commonly used in synthetic fibers such as polyester, polyamide, acrylic, polyvinyl chloride, vinene and spandex.
It is called polyethylene terephthalate, or polyester. Polyester is the name of commodity, abroad have said "dacron," "nylon", "emperor nylon", etc Polyester as reactants, excellent performance, widely used, is developing very rapidly, now has the production of chemical fiber in the first place. The biggest characteristic of li su's synthetic fiber, li su, is that it is more elastic than any fibre. The strength and wear resistance is better, the fabric that is woven by it is not only three to four times stronger than other fibers, but also clean, not easy to deform, there is "avoid hot" beautiful name; Polyester is also more heat-resistant. Good chemical stability, under normal temperature, will not interact with weak acid, weak base and oxidizer. The drawback is that it is very wet, and it is worn by the fabric of its fabric. In addition, due to the smooth surface of the fiber, the tension between the fibers is poor, and the frictions can easily be caused by friction.
This is the name of our country. It is called polyamide fibre. There are many different kinds of poly-66, poly-1010, polyamide, etc. "Nylon", "nylon", "nylon", "kapon", "amilon", etc. Polyamide is the world's earliest synthetic fibre variety, with excellent performance and abundant raw materials, so it has been the highest production of synthetic fiber. It was not until 1970 that the rapid development of polyester fibers was the second most common form of synthetic fiber. The main feature of the polyamide is that it is strong and durable, and it has the highest strength and wearability of all fibers. The weakness of the nylon is the same as the polyester, which is both hygroscopic and permeable. In a dry environment, polyamide produces static electricity, and short fabrics are also prone to pilling and pilling. Polyamide fiber heat resistance, light fastness is not good enough, ironing temperature should be controlled under 140 ℃. In addition, the conformal sex difference of the polyamide, the dress that USES it is not as good as polyester, easy to transform. But it can be attached to it, it's a good material for making all kinds of shapes.
It is the name of the domestic product. Its name is polyacrylonitrile fibre. Abroad, also known as "orlon", "cotter", "deraron" and so on. The appearance of the acrylic with a white, crimp, fluffy, soft, woolly, more used to and wool blended or as a substitute for wool, so it is also known as "synthetic wool". The absorption of acrylic solids is not good, but it is better than wool and silk. Its wear resistance is poor in synthetic fibers, acrylic fibers of ironing temperature under 130 ℃.
The name of the polyvinyl alcohol is polyvinyl alcohol. Foreign countries also called "vinylon", "vinar" and so on. Wiron, as white as snow and as soft as cotton, is often used as a substitute for natural cotton, known as synthetic cotton. The wetness performance of wiron is the best in synthetic fiber. In addition, the wearability, light resistance and corrosion resistance of veron are better.
The name of this is polyvinyl chloride fibre. Foreign countries have "the dragon", "rovel". The advantages of PVC are more, and they are highly resistant to chemical resistance. Thermal conductivity is worse than wool, so heat insulation is strong. Electrical insulation is high and difficult to fire. In addition, it also has a prominent advantage, with its woven underwear that can treat rheumatoid arthritis or other pain, without irritability or injury to the skin. The defect of chloron is also more prominent, namely heat resistance is extremely poor.
The name of this is polyurethane elastic fiber, which is also known as "laker" and "spanzier". It is a particularly flexible chemical fiber that is now industrialized and is the fastest growing elastic fiber. Spandex is excellent. The strength is two to three times as strong as the latex filament, and the line density is thinner and more resistant to chemical degradation. It is good for the acid alkali, sweat, water, dry cleaning and abrasion resistance. The fibres are not used alone, but in small quantities, such as in the fabric of other fibres or made into a core-spun yarn that is used to weave elastic fabrics.
It is divided into filament, short fiber, foreign fibers, composite fibers and textured wires.
(1) filament: fiber that is not cut off in chemical fiber processing. The filament is divided into monofilament and multifilament. Single silk: only one filament, transparent, even, thin. Complex silk: a few pieces of monofilament and synthetic filaments.
(2) staple fiber: chemical fiber can be cut into various lengths of fibre in the process of spinning.
(3) heteromorphic fibers: different cross-sectional or hollow fibers that are made from the shape of a spinneret.
Change the elasticity of the fibers, the ability to combine and cover, increase the surface area, and enhance the reflection of the light.
Special burnish. Like the five-leaf shape and the triangle.
Light, light, warm and wet. Such as hollow.
Reduce static electricity.
It improves the friction coefficient of fiber and improves the feeling of the hand.
(4) composite fibre: two or more polymers, respectively, in the form of the melt or solution enter the same spinneret, spewing from the same nozzle hole formed by fiber. It's also called a bicomponent or multi-component fiber. Compound fiber generally has three-dimensional curl of 3 dimensional space, the volume is high and loose, the elasticity is good, embrace good, cover ability is good. Features are:
The structure is uneven.
The composition is not uniform.
The expansion is uneven.
(5) textured yarn: modified spun yarn or synthetic fiber filament.
1, high elastic polyester yarns: the elongation rate of 50 ~ 300%, using the thermoplastic processing of synthetic fibers.
Low stretch polyester: the elongation rate is below 35%.
And acrylic bulky yarn; Use the thermal elasticity of acrylic. Hot stretch - high shrinkage, shrinkage can reach 45 ~ 53%, with low shrinkage fiber blended spinning, through steam treatment.
They are divided into ordinary fibers and special fibers.
(1) common fibers: regenerated fibers and synthetic fibres.
Special fiber: high temperature resistant fiber, high strength fiber, high modulus fiber, and radiation resistant fiber. Hu ɑ xue xi ɑ chemical fibre can be divided into: (1) artificial fiber, was prepared from natural high polymer material (such as cellulose, etc.) as raw materials, such as viscose fiber;
Synthetic fiber, which is made from synthetic polymers, polyester, etc.
The inorganic fibers, which are made of inorganic materials, have fiberglass and so on.
Since the first artificial silk was pulled out in the 18th century, there has been a great deal of progress in the variety of chemical fibers, fiber and spinning techniques. The preparation of chemical fiber, usually the first made from natural or synthetic polymer or inorganic spinning melt or solution, and then filtered, metrology, the spinneret (board) extrusion to trickle, liquid and then frozen fibers. The fibers are called primary fibers. Its mechanical properties are so poor that it cannot be applied directly, and must be processed through a series of post-processing processes to meet the requirements of textile processing and usage. The post-processing is mainly to stretch and heat the fibers to improve the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of the fibers. Stretching is the way in which large molecules or structural units of primary fibers are aligned along the fibre axis. The heat set is mainly the relaxation of internal stress in the fibers. The post-processing of wet spinning also includes washing, oil and drying. When spinning a filament, the process can be wound into a cylinder. Spinning, cutting, and packaging must be added when spinning short fibers.
The types of chemical fiber synthetic fiber China is the birthplace of rearing silkworm silk, not only from the historical records about artificial fiber's earliest countries (see history of China chemical fiber production). The main varieties of synthetic fibres are: the viscose fibers, and in 1848 j. mersey discovered that the chemical reaction was increased after the cellulose was impregnated with lye. After that, the British, c. cross and e. bevin, were made with disulfide carbon and alkali fibers
